What is E.M.F

Hey Alannn,

I in turn, ask you a question:

What keeps a Marble Rolling on a Flat Surface?

To answer your question:

I have a question too: what makes electrons flow into amps and powers the circuits? The electric field of an emf potential,or the charges that are forced in to the circuits?

We must first look at some fundamental Definitions.

One Ampere has recently been redefined as:

1 ampere will be the electric current corresponding to the flow of 1/(1.602 176 634 × 10⁻¹⁹) elementary charges per second.

See Here for the Document.

Ok, now whats the Elementary Charge Defined as:

The elementary charge, usually denoted by e or sometimes q_e is the electric charge carried by a single proton or, equivalently, the magnitude of the negative electric charge carried by a single electron, which has charge −1 e.

This elementary charge is a fundamental physical constant. To avoid confusion over its sign, e is sometimes called the elementary positive charge.

From the 2019 redefinition of SI base units, which took effect on 20 May 2019, its value is exactly 1.602176634×10⁻¹⁹ C, by definition of the coulomb. In the centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS), it is 4.80320425(10)×10⁻¹⁰ statcoulombs.

Calculating this out, the definition of One Ampere, we get a figure of: 

One Ampere = 6,241,509,074,460,760,000 elementary charges per second

This is past Point P₁ in One Second, because we have Volumetric Flow.

Now we need to look at what the Elementary Charge is! We will focus on the Electron, but all Elementary Charges have the same basic properties:

All Elementary Charges, because they have a Charge, they also have several other properties:

• Mass
• Magnetic Field known as the Magnetic Moment
• Spin, shown above, as +1/2 or -1/2
• Of course, as stated, they have Charge, the fundamental property.

Floyd Sweet had this to say:

Conventional theory says that electric fields and magnetic fields are different things. Consider for a moment a charge with an electric field around it. If the charge is moved a magnetic field develops and the moving charge constitutes a current. If an observer were to move along with the charge, he would see no relative motion, no current, and no magnetic field. A stationary observer would see motion, current and a magnetic field. It would appear that a magnetic field is an electric field observed from a motional reference frame. Similarly, if we take a mass with a gravity field around it and we move the mass and create a mass current, a new field is also created. It is a different kind of gravity field with no source and no sink.

and then

They are now able to simply support mass, as demonstrated with the transformer steel illustration.

"They" are in reference to the Magnets. It took me some time to understand this, because 

Because the Electron has Charge and thus a Magnetic Field, we can minipulate the Chargeed Particle, the Cyclotron does exactly this! We can use an External Magnetic Field, to force the Charged Particle to move, this is the best analogy I have found for this:

Inside the wire, it looks like this:

So what makes the Electrons move, the Magnetic Field of the Primary makes the Electrons in the Secondary Move in a specific Direction. This is explained by The Lorentz Force.

Here is a cool experiment showing what Charge does in a Magnetic Field:

and another:

The last thing, we have Elementary Charge Propagation, a topic very much confused and clouded in Science today! 

Antenna Theory shows, with experiment to also prove it, that the Elementary Charge has a Velocity ( v ), and we can very easily calculate this Velocity with two other known factors:

1. Frequency
2. Wavelength

Here is the triangle:

Here is a short calculation to show the speed in an Antenna:

At Antenna Resonance, we can calculate the Velocity of the very same Charge Carriers: Electrons, by using the simple math of Antenna Theory:




Of course, the Velocity is stated as 468, so a 1 Meter Dipole Antenna at 1MHz, we have a length of 468 feet. Or in Meters: 142.65 meters. This is at MHz and Per Second.

Calculating this out, if we use: 299.792458 MHz, we get, Total length of dipole:

• 1 foot, 6.7 inches
• 0.48 meters

Length of each element:

• 0 feet, 9.4 inches
• 0.24 meters

Of course, using Wavelength Equations, we can get Velocity also: v = f x λ = 299792458 x (2 x 0.48 meters) = 287,800,759.68 Meters per second. Slightly slower than the speed of light, 0.96, or 96% of the Speed of Light.

The Mass Movement of Electrons or Charge, defines the Amplitude of an Electromagnetic Wave, they are one and the same things. More Charge/Electrons Moving, higher the Amplitude of the EM Wave. We have seen this in Magnetic Fields for a long time now! Antenna Theory confirms this very fundamental requirement. The definition for the Magnetic Field is Charge in Motion!

Wikipedia admits to this ambiguous definition:

The word electricity refers generally to the movement of electrons (or other charge carriers) through a conductor in the presence of a potential difference or an electric field. The speed of this flow has multiple meanings. In everyday electrical and electronic devices, the signals travel as electromagnetic waves typically at 50%–99% of the speed of light, while the electrons themselves move much more slowly, see Drift velocity and Electron mobility.

I did answer your question in the first post, but wanted to further explain here.

We believe in the systematic understanding of the physical world, through observation and experimentation, through argument and debate. But most of all through freedom of will.

Ref: The Ark of Truth

Ironically, an old 1954 declassified video shows us this:

So, "what makes electrons flow into amps", it is M.M.F, Magnetomotive Force, the Work Component in Electromagnetic Induction, that makes the Electrons Move and keeps moving them. They are under Force, via The Lorentz Force. This is the same as your Finger pushing the Marble on the Flat Surface.

The answers are there, one must look in the right places.

Best Wishes,

   Chris