Electromagnetic Induction - Facts and pushing Boundaries

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Chris posted this 4 weeks ago

My Friends,

I want you to think about something that is amazing and simple. Transformers and the fact they are the closest thing to Aboveunity Energy Machines that exist.

Please keep in mind: Floyd Sweet was a Transformer Expert.

Lets take the age old law of Electromagnetic Induction between two Coils, exactly the same, 200 turns each, on a Core, with Coupling k = 0.8 or so, static, stationary, sitting on the bench.

 

Lets think about this arrangement a bit more, ask some questions:

  • Why don't the Coils, loaded with 30Watt Loads, spontaneously sprint into action?
  • Knowing at time t, we will always have opposite M.M.F between each coil, is there a phase difference in M.M.F?
    • Coil 1: I1 ( t ) = Im1 sin ( ωt )
    • Coil 2: I2 ( t ) = -Im2 sin ( ωt ) = Im2 sin ( ωt + 180° ) Here, the phase difference between the currents (and thus MMFs) is exactly 180°, ensuring the MMFs are always opposite in direction.
  • What action will various Load Resistances do to the machine?
  • Can we have AC as well as DC in the machine?

 

Now, we really could go to town, ask lots and lots of questions...

 

NOTE: The Arrow on the above Secondary Coil is in the wrong direction!

We know the basic Transformer Math, that the Core's Flux, Changing in Time t is an important, key aspect

 

 

Transformer Equations

  1. Voltage (EMF) Induced in a Coil:

    The induced electromotive force (EMF) in a transformer coil is given by Faraday's law:

    \[ V = N \frac{d\Phi}{dt} \]

    For a sinusoidal flux, \(\Phi = \Phi_m \sin(2\pi f t)\), the RMS voltage is:

    \[ V = 4.44 f N \Phi_m \]

    where \(V\) is the RMS voltage (V), \(f\) is the frequency (Hz), \(N\) is the number of turns, and \(\Phi_m\) is the maximum magnetic flux (Wb).

  2. Turns of the Secondary Coil:

    The voltage ratio between primary and secondary is proportional to the turns ratio:

    \[ \frac{V_s}{V_p} = \frac{N_s}{N_p} \]

    Rearranging to find the number of secondary turns \(N_s\):

    \[ N_s = N_p \frac{V_s}{V_p} \]

    where \(V_p\) is the primary voltage (V), \(V_s\) is the secondary voltage (V), \(N_p\) is the number of primary turns, and \(N_s\) is the number of secondary turns.

  3. Magnetic Flux:

    From the voltage equation, the maximum magnetic flux \(\Phi_m\) can be calculated as:

    \[ \Phi_m = \frac{V}{4.44 f N} \]

    where \(\Phi_m\) is the maximum magnetic flux (Wb), \(V\) is the RMS voltage of the coil (V), \(f\) is the frequency (Hz), and \(N\) is the number of turns in the coil.

 

Here we have the Transformer math for inputs and Magnetic field:

  1. Primary Voltage: \[ V_p(t) = amp \cdot 325.27 \sin(2\pi f t) \]

    With \( amp = 7 \), \( f = 50 \, \text{Hz} \):

    \[ V_p(t) = 2276.89 \sin(314.16 t) \]
  2. Primary Current: \[ I_p(t) = amp \cdot \frac{325.27}{R} \left( \frac{N_s}{N_p} \right)^2 \sin(2\pi f t) \]

    With \( amp = 7 \), \( R = 10 \, \Omega \), \( N_s/N_p = 0.5 \):

    \[ I_p(t) = 56.92225 \sin(314.16 t) \]
  3. Magnetic Flux: \[ \Phi(t) = amp \cdot \frac{325.27}{2\pi f N_p} \sin(2\pi f t) \]

    With \( amp = 7 \), \( f = 50 \, \text{Hz} \), \( N_p = 100 \):

    \[ \Phi(t) = 0.07245 \sin(314.16 t) \]
  4. Secondary Voltage: \[ V_s(t) = -amp \cdot 325.27 \frac{N_s}{N_p} \sin(2\pi f t) \]

    With \( amp = 7 \), \( N_s/N_p = 0.5 \):

    \[ V_s(t) = -1138.445 \sin(314.16 t) \]
  5. Secondary Current: \[ I_s(t) = -amp \cdot \frac{325.27}{R} \frac{N_s}{N_p} \sin(2\pi f t) \]

    With \( amp = 7 \), \( R = 10 \, \Omega \), \( N_s/N_p = 0.5 \):

    \[ I_s(t) = -113.8445 \sin(314.16 t) \]
  6. Primary MMF: \[ F_p(t) = N_p \cdot I_p(t) = amp \cdot N_p \cdot \frac{325.27}{R} \left( \frac{N_s}{N_p} \right)^2 \sin(2\pi f t) \]

    With \( amp = 7 \), \( N_p = 100 \), \( R = 10 \, \Omega \), \( N_s/N_p = 0.5 \):

    \[ F_p(t) = 5692.225 \sin(314.16 t) \]
  7. Secondary MMF: \[ F_s(t) = N_s \cdot I_s(t) = -amp \cdot N_s \cdot \frac{325.27}{R} \frac{N_s}{N_p} \sin(2\pi f t) \]

    With \( amp = 7 \), \( N_s = 50 \), \( R = 10 \, \Omega \), \( N_s/N_p = 0.5 \):

    \[ F_s(t) = -5692.225 \sin(314.16 t) \]

 

 

Transformer Plots

Lets look at the Math, plotted out.

 

 

Voltages and Currents

MMFs

Magnetic Flux vs. Input Voltage and Current

Primary Current and Magnetic Flux

 

We see Symmetry here, this Ideal Conventional Transformer, has a Symmetry, Symmetry of Current, MMF and Voltage, complete Symmetry.

Partnered Output Coils have Symmetry underneath, it is Primarily Asymmetrical, but in every Asymmetrical System, there is an underlaying Symmetry, POCOne and POCTwo incorporate this very same Symmetry, each Coil carry's the same Voltage, Current and MMF, but the Input Coil, the Asymmetrical aspect, carries a very small Current, which sometimes can be negative, is just a tickler, its just to bring the POC's in, to get a Voltage up.

There is a Symphony of Feed Forwards and Feed Backs all occurring all at the same time!

 

Bar Magnet Simulation

60 270°

Created by weelookang@gmail.com

 

 

Experiment

My Friends, I have given you the experiment, showing you, there is a Feed Forward/Back, and that as a Current is drawn on the Coil, we get a reverse Current generated on the other Coil. Something Science has never explained or shown.

 

You will note, this shows a concept that Science has always taught, does not exist, it is there, working on the bench!

In other words, we have Electromagnetic Induction occurring more than once in a system, we have offset the Symmetry of the Conventional Transformer, and we have a degree of Asymmetry.

Now, we MUST ask the question, how do we increase this effect, make the feedback and feedforward more valuable?

Best Wishes,

   Chris

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Chris posted this 4 weeks ago

My Friends,

The POC are like any Coil, we have Inductance, Impedance, Resistance and more!

These C# Methods give us a little bit of help:

using System;

public static class CoilMath
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Mutual inductance M (henries) between two identical flat circular coils.
    /// Approximation: M ≈ μ₀ N² a² / ( 2 √(a² + (d/2)² )
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="radius">Mean radius of each coil in metres.</param>
    /// <param name="turns">Number of turns N on each coil (both identical).</param>
    /// <param name="distance">Axial separation between the coil planes in metres.</param>
    /// <returns>M in henries.</returns>
    public static double CalculateMutualInductance(
        double radius,      // a   [m]
        int    turns,       // N   [-]
        double distance)    // d   [m]
    {
        if (radius <= 0 || turns <= 0 || distance < 0)
            throw new ArgumentException("All inputs must be positive.");

        const double mu0 = 4.0 * Math.PI * 1e-7;        // permeability of free space [H/m]

        // Simple approximation (good for d ≤ a/2)
        double denom = 2.0 * Math.Sqrt(radius * radius + 0.25 * distance * distance);
        double m = mu0 * turns * turns * radius * radius / denom;

        /* -----------------------------------------------------------
           For sub-percent accuracy at any gap, use the exact formula
           involving complete elliptic integrals K(k) and E(k).
           Uncomment the block below and reference System.Numerics if desired.

           double k2 = 4.0 * radius * radius /
                       (4.0 * radius * radius + distance * distance);
           double k = Math.Sqrt(k2);
           double K = EllipticK(k);   // requires implementation or NuGet
           double E = EllipticE(k);   // e.g. Meta.Numerics library
           double mExact = mu0 * turns * turns * radius * 2.0 / k *
                           ((1.0 - 0.5 * k2) * K - E);
           return mExact;
        ----------------------------------------------------------- */

        return m;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Coupling coefficient k = M / L
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="mutualInductance">M in henries.</param>
    /// <param name="selfInductance">L of one coil in henries.</param>
    /// <returns>k (dimensionless, 0 ≤ k < 1).</returns>
    public static double CalculateCouplingCoefficient(
        double mutualInductance,  // M [H]
        double selfInductance)    // L [H]
    {
        if (selfInductance <= 0)
            throw new ArgumentException("Self-inductance must be > 0.");

        double k = mutualInductance / selfInductance;

        if (k < 0 || k >= 1.0)
            throw new ArgumentException("Computed k out of range. Check inputs.");

        return k;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------
       Example usage / quick test
    -------------------------------------------------*/
    public static void Main()
    {
        double a = 0.05;   // 50 mm
        int    N = 100;
        double d = 0.01;   // 10 mm
        double L = 6.1e-3; // 6.1 mH (from earlier example)

        double M = CalculateMutualInductance(a, N, d);
        double k = CalculateCouplingCoefficient(M, L);

        Console.WriteLine($"M = {M * 1e3:F3} mH");
        Console.WriteLine($"k = {k:F3}");
    }
}

 

We will need these methods for later on.

Best Wishes,

   Chris

Kammler posted this 4 weeks ago

M = 0.313 mH
k = 0.051

Where:
mutual Inductance ... M
coupling value..... k

 


This is a measure of **how strongly the magnetic flux of one coil passes through the other coil**. It depends on:

  • the **radius** of the coils a
    * the **number of windings** N
    * the **distance** d between the coils

 

OK and now I add the Impedance and Resistance:

a = 0.05     # Radius [m]
    N = 100      # Turns
    d = 0.01     # Distance [m]
    L = 6.1e-3   # Self-inductance [H]
    R = 1.0      # DC resistance [Ohm]
    f = 10_000   # Frequency [Hz]

M = 0.313 mH
k = 0.051
Z = 1.00 + j383.27 Ω
|Z| = 383.28 Ω
Phase angle = 89.85°

Chris posted this 3 weeks ago

My Friends,

For completeness and because its important, I will share the post Here, here:

My Friends,

I have said I would share more, well, today I am showing you more, something amazing, something we have not seen before, something that was reported by Floyd Sweet in his early machines! Today is a BIG Share, this is the start to our Future!

The effect is specifically related to Partnered Output Coils!

Here: Floyd Sweets Lab Notes, you will see:

 

There are several References to the 400Hz machine. Floyd worked hard to change the Frequency, he was aiming for 60Hz.

I have asked others to look for the effects, the same effects we have seen those before us achieve, well today, I am going to show you an effect that will change the world forever:

 

Please NOTE: I miss-spoke when I said there is no link from Input to Output! There is a link and Lenz's Law does apply for a short instant at the start of the pulse. There is a disconnect because at low frequency we have no flashing of the globe.

At the heart of this machine, we are dealing with a Charge Pump!

 

 

Where:

  • Yellow is Input Voltage.
  • Teal is input Current.
  • Pink is Output Voltage One.
  • Purple is Output Voltage Two.

 

This experiment is not AU, but maybe soon we might show you the AU Version.

NOTE: At Low Frequency, we should see a Pulsing on the Globe, Brighter, as at Low Frequency, the Highest Current flows through the Input Coils, and in a normal Electromagnetic Induction Case, we would see a much Brighter flashing on the globe, not a dimming!

The Dimming at low Frequency shows there is something very different going on here!

Best Wishes,

   Chris

 

This is a very important experiment, a lot can be learned here!

Best Wishes,

   Chris

Kammler posted this 3 weeks ago

Hey Chris! Amazing! Could you be so nice and draw a quick schematic ok paper and upload it so we can following the experiment please? Which core you are using, how many turns on the coils? The grey thing on too & bottom is ferite magnets? Regards K.

FringeIdeas posted this 3 weeks ago

Hey Kammler,

It's the thread, Chris's Non-Inductive Coil Experiment.

The whole thread is worth a read of course, but this particular build starts about here.

You actually just could have scrolled up a bit from your Python code 🙂

Marcel

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