My Friends,
This is a must watch:
The Transcript:
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foreign
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your main concern has been the population bomb as you call it in your
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book what hope is there uh we've got to use political processes in the not too distant future the government will
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simply tell you how many children you can have and throw you in jail if you have too many I do know that at this time unless now
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we think of what America is going to be like in the year 2000 this increase in population and do something about it to
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stop that pressure we're going to reap the Whirlwind because look at what the year 2000 will be if if the present
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Trends continue our cities are going to be choked with people and they will be impossible places in which to live and
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the explosions will be even worse if we do not by Humane means limit our numbers then numbers are going to be limited by
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more famines and shortages the disaster will take the form of famine plague or War their Mankind's old companions
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fundamentally you just got to remember this there's no way out of the arithmetic there will never be seven billion people in the year 2000. and now
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a milestone for all of us on this planet today the United Nations declared that
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today the world's population reached 7 billion people that Relentless population thought just keeps on ticking
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and Ticking well if they kept such a clock in Italy it would be ticking backwards the government there thinks
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there are not enough Italians demographers warn that the shrinking population could drag the country into
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an unprecedented economic crisis dire predictions of an overpopulated planet have been with us for centuries
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what if they're just plain wrong alert the number of babies born in America
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last year falling to a 32-year low but there's already a population crisis
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setting major economies across the globe look at these numbers how do you explain this decline you've got cases like Japan
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where adult diapers outsell baby diapers the world's falling birth rate isn't on
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the list of major threats to Life as we know it but it soon will be taxes are destined to soar pension
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systems will become unsustainable while our Health Care Systems won't be able to cope with the ratio of all people to
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take care of compared to the shrinking number of taxpayers businesses will struggle to find workers to hire school
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closures will accelerate while social care will continually be sliced and they say it's an economic Time Bomb I'm
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worried about the birth rate most people think we we have like too many people on the planet but actually this is an
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outdated view I think that the biggest problem the world will face in 20 years is population collapse
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I want to emphasize this the biggest issue in 20 years will be population collapse
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[Music]
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foreign [Music]
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after the breakup I stopped everything from zero that's why I got very um
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principal very emotional because um you know when when you first know that your partner
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didn't want it's quite heartbreaking
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this is my story too
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he's drinking and all that
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okay not even here [Music]
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why are people having so few children the more I read about falling birth
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rates everything was negative you enter a downward spiral as you have
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fewer and fewer children you have fewer and fewer future mothers which in turn goes on and on and on
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and no Society in history has been known to come out of that spiral
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the speech population decreasing is going to speed up now you call it collapse accelerating
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and then common rebuttal is like well what about immigration like from where
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I started the birth Gap project in Cambridge Massachusetts in 2016 after
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seeing dinner for Germany showing their only half the number of children there now compared to 50 years ago
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population collapse what else fun topic
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as a lifelong learner I had been brushing up my skills on theater science
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my goal had been to find an explanation to one of the world's great Mysteries
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why did the number of children being born in Italy Japan and Germany fall so
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rapidly at the exact same time whether data can help answer that
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question or not one thing's for certain with this trend having spread across the
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entire industrialized world and Beyond we're all going to notice
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due to globalization a worldwide Cascade is shrinking economies will affect all
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nations including the US [Music]
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but it's not just economic issues societies with low birth rates are
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destined to have a burgeoning number of older people to support Humanity has never faced such a crisis
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for us a society with the size of people to experience continuous
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flying in the prosperous and peaceful time it's never happening in human history there's no precedence should we
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be worried about population decline population decline is a form of social
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change can government be a practical substitute for the family structure that
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we took for granted up until let's say like breakfast yesterday morning that's going to be really hard I think
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am I right that people aren't talking enough about this in my view incontestably or correct so why aren't
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they talking about it more well to some degree maybe people haven't been run
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over by this problem themselves yet do people talk much about falling birth
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rates I don't think that people talk a lot about this it's a minor problem I
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think are you worried about America's long-term low birth rates I don't think it's a terrible thing culturally birth
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rates have different rising and fallings are people worried about this about not
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having children
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worry about but is it really a problem is it bad for
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the country no is it bad for workforces we have robots we have much more
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automated work so why is it a problem what people usually don't think about
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it's a little bit counter-intuitive but what is unavoidable is massive graying
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massive aging of the society and so all of these places in the world which are
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under substantial below replacement child bearing for decade after decade
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are on a trajectory not only for shrinking but also for really massive
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population aging so you're shocked by hearing I was really shocked the professor told us
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that I mean our generation is decreasing so that we need to protect our older
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generation and he showed the statistics I'm really worrying about Japanese
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future it's not Journey let's look at Germany this is the map oh dear
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look at that I would not have expected this I was not aware of this not at all
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what's the impact of this huh
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understanding population Trends can be tricky partly because it takes decades
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for changes to play out initially low birth rates are almost undetectable except to maternity Wards
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but soon enough we'll find closing schools businesses that can't find staff to hire and then close because they
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can't find enough customers and meanwhile the cost of providing our older generations with Healthcare and
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pensions will continue to rise and Rise as more and more people live longer and longer to understand the scale of the
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problem we just need to look at the world's falling fertility rates and how
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many countries have fallen below the population Tipping Point demographers call this Tipping Point the
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replacement level when women on average are having two children that survive
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into adulthood today seventy percent of us live in countries below that Tipping
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Point and yet somehow our Focus has remained on fears of never-ending
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population growth
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statistic is a rock and roll star and in an era where the talk is a rapid population growth he uses hard data to
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try to communicate the opposite story here's a clip from his film airing tomorrow night on BBC Two up to eight
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and then it goes up to nine and then it goes here but see it's slowing down it's
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slowing down by the end of the century it's becoming more flat there and if I do no one could explain population
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Trends better than the lit hands roslings including wire total head count
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will increase for a while despite the number of children having peaked now
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this will confuse you because how can then the total population grow
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like this if the children doesn't increase where will all these adults come from
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and and to explain that I will show you the world population ladies and gentlemen in the form of foam blocks one
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block is one billion we have two billion children in the world then we have 2 billion between 15 and 30
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years of age we have 1 billion 30 to 45 we have 1 billion
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45 to 60 and then we have my block 60 years and older we are here on top so
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this is what we have today now what will happen in the future you know what happens to old people like
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me they die the rest they grow 15 years
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older and have 2 billion children these ones are not old time to die and
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then these ones grow 15 years older and they have 2 billion children this one die and the rest grow 15 years older and
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have 2 billion children and without increasing the number of children without increasing the length
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of life we have three billion people more by this big inevitable fill up of
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adults which will happen just when the large young Generations grow up
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Hans rossing's building blocks explained beautifully how the world's total population is going to fill up with
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older people and not children yet before this project I had no idea about low
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birth rates outside of Europe and Japan I'd say at the moment we can break the
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world down into two components if we oversimplify sub-Saharan Africa and
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everybody else if we take all of the rest of the world all of non-sub-saharan Africa we're already below the
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replacement level and we've been below the replacement level for a little while now barring compensating immigration no
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Society can survive long term below this replacement level Tipping Point and the
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farther down birth rates go the faster they will Decay or to use the correct mathematical term exponentially Decay
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Nations like Japan Italy and Germany with birth rates around 1.4 children per
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woman will Decay by around one third per generation meaning that in two
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generations the underlying population will fall by over half and in three generations by seventy percent but it
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turns out ultra low birth rates go far beyond these countries oh without
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exception all industrialized countries developed countries have built in place
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and we know what happens with continuing below replacement fertility what's
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working pretty well now manifestly is going to be unsustainable a generation from now if you just do the arithmetic
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it's striking and there is no single explanation in in different contexts you
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have very different stories but the trends started around the same time in the early 1970s yes it's that's amazing
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the amazing thing and in the west this is attributed to the to the pill in
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Japan the pill was introduced in the early 1990s so it's interesting though that while Europe blamed the
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contraceptive pill for the Fallen birth rate it's not the case in Japan but yet it comes falling at the same time at the
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same time yeah it's so difficult to describe and it and it may be very different things in different places
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that are causing these changes female culture it's completely different
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like in Muslim context about one-third of babies are born out of marriage but
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in Japan marriage and childbearing US closely associated so it's very different
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and again there is something strange in Germany education is fully subsidized completely opposite to Japan it was
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education in Japan is very expensive so there are lots of contradictions as a statistician looking at Raw numbers if
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you just look at that coldly you'd say the probability that there's some common driving factor is very high
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thank you
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why is it in Japan many people have no children why are the populations going
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down why women having so few children are you worried about there being so few
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children in Japan now
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speak English there you go okay still really don't understand why
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Japanese people are having only 1.3 yes yes I I don't know why
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well the weird thing is that many women want to have children but I don't know
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why um like the Korean Society is struggling
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with law personally young people has a maybe
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losing some expectations for the Bright Futures I think working long time is a
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very easy solutions you can so easily escape from such kind of discussions foreign
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[Music] we're talking about why in Japan population is going down because people
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don't get married people don't have children why why I don't know
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tax problems
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just from your perspective first of all I mean are you aware that in Northern Italy that there is a low birth rate is
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this a surprise to you why why here yeah I'm not really surprised about this yeah
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maybe the people think that they cannot give a good future to their children so
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I think having a career is not easily combinable with with children
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especially in in modern careers where you have flexible work hours which means
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no one checks on your hours but also no one caps your hours so you can
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work a lot everyone wanted his own phone
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why why is this happening I don't know I don't know maybe they think that's they
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can live and happy life if they have the children because they have to work work
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work work work just to have a baby you know after 50 years of unsustainably low
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birth rates countries in Europe and Japan are fast becoming inverted worlds
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with too many retirees for the shrinking workforces to support if we look at
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Italy for example in 2019 there were around 1 million people aged 50 who will
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be retiring in around 20 years time then if we look at the number of newborns who
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in around 20 years time will be entering the workforce to support these retirees they're less than half
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any large gap between a number of newborns and the number of people they will have to support into retirement is
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significant socially and economically given that these gaps are being caused by long-term low birth rates I decided
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to call any short Fallen workers birth gaps I wanted to show these birth gaps on a
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series of regional Maps first I colored any regions that did have more babies than 50 year olds green but in regions
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where there were too few children being born I used increasingly Dark Shades of Red with the darkest red meaning they're
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less than half the number of babies being born compared to the older people they would need to support and at the
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center of any region with a birth Gap I put a gaping black hole proportional to
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the drop in the number of children oh wow it's a big gap it's kind of scary
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yeah that's crazy wow so gosh
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that is Major isn't it it's like a shock it's for me it's like a joke what are we
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making with our future we are we are crazy yeah this is not good it's clear it's a very powerful transformation but
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now I want to show you let's jump to somewhere else Deutschland yeah Germany yeah
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I feel the same Wireless Trend only affected parts of
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Europe 50 years ago by the 1990s birth gaps had spread to every corner of the
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continent even Scandinavia are region known for its gender equality and parental benefits wasn't immune in
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Denmark a country that offers one year paid leave and free education the birth Gap had reached 30 percent there had
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even been a campaign do it for Denmark
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foreign
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[Music] but it's not only Denmark and this coveted part of the world in 2019
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Ernest Solberg prime minister of Norway became the first Global leader to address her people on the birth Gap
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crisis foreign
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foreign
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Elementary School teachers across these countries are starting to notice the
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school leaders are talking about less kids coming in the next next few years so
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obviously we're gonna have less less classes and and less jobs for teachers do you think people should be talking
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about this more I think so yes
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because me as a young teacher I'm not
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I'm not thinking about this but maybe I should should do more
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some countries like the UK and France while following this same Trend had
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smaller birth gaps of less than 20 percent but what was most concerning with some of the larger countries in
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Europe some regions of Spain had 50 birth gaps while parts of Germany and
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Italy had 60 birth gaps meaning for every baby being born there there will
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be more than two 50 year olds to support into retirement in 2016 the Italian
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government decided it was time to step in Primo fertility day La Prima Journal
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nationality sensibilities
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they quickly found out that people don't like governments telling them to have more children
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meanwhile businesses are starting to notice
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by 2020 Italy's birth Gap had reached 56 percent and every country in Europe
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except Iceland had more 50 year olds than newborns but to find the world's
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largest birth Gap we need to look elsewhere South Korea is winning this race to the
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bottom with a frightening 69 birth Gap in other news latest data show South
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Korea's total fertility rate fell to a record low last year kimisong reports South Korea's total fertility rate fell
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to 0.98 in 2018. the falling for two liter rate comes despite the Korean
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government's efforts to tackle the problem including subsidized Child Care leave free nurseries and cash statements
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with children becoming a thing of the past in South Korea a new form of parenting has taken over raising what
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they're calling the dog child these mothers and fathers are willing to spend no expense to give their dog children
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only the best dogs are like their children except they're a whole lot cheaper while in Japan there's even an
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organization that lets young people try out being a parent for a day
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[Music] unlike Europe where people have the
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shortest working weeks and longest vacations anywhere people in Korea and Japan are struggling with work-life
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balance and that makes having children an extra challenge we don't have any role model in a real world it's really
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rare to see how children are raised we are just really worrying about it we
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don't have specific image so the issue is in our mind I think I think
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in Japan Mary means end of life
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for the humans Japanese work a lot like for example
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until like two or three a.m I think I'm kind of a woman who wants to pursue a
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career but I feel really pessimistic
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about it because I feel like I should keep up my career
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or my dreams for having children [Music] foreign
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differences in culture between Europe and Japan the world's first signs of
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ultra low birth rates emerged in both places at the exact same time and yet no
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one has found a connection it's hard to accept it's just one big
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coincidence
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[Music]
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foreign
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this didn't happen overnight the data has been there for decades what worries
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me is that for some countries that may be too late already even if the number
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of babies were to increase it wouldn't make any difference until they grow up
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and start working this feels like a trap a birth Gap trap
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we know you're more responsible for the doors of Denmark yes but actually it's uh Eva Long crane
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who is responsible for that campaign um let me see if she's there right now I
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appreciate it but she'll be here in around 15 minutes so we'll do it right here yeah yeah we can do it here
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so what was the inspiration for deciding to make this um at the time uh of this campaign there
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have been small stories in the serious newspapers not on front page but on page
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10 12 13 that that this was a serious issue it's not a sexy topic really but
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we can make it sexy so yeah well you can yeah I can
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do it for Denmark why is this happening it seems that when
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my mom was a young mom her life certainly changed but not that that much
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and in our time it's more like this is a shift in your life that serious you have
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so many things you want to do you want to educate yourself you want to find the
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right partner you want to have fun so it seems that the time is never right I'm
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like kind of like not ready hell no hell to the no I'm not ready to have kids
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I've always thought about having kids I'm also not in a place where I'm like
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married or pregnant or thinking about getting pregnant um so maybe in a few years that'll be
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another discussion all of my friends that head down into their career none of them are married and none of them have
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kids everybody's just career driven so I feel so much pressure from my family and
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Kenny's family they're constantly asking us when are you going to have kids and just trying to explain to them like I
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just really want to establish my career first I'm still very much focused on like getting at a certain place in my
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career before thinking like my brain cannot even think about that yet I've always
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wanted to have children I've always wanted to have children while I was young but
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I'm not now let's do either of you want children
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yeah yeah we definitely do we've talked about it are you ready to adopt now
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ready to adopt in this particular Moment Like right right now now probably not do you what up kids
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that's the biggest question I've been asking myself and ever since we got married I've been constantly debating
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with myself on whether I want to have kids am I just blaming the environment honestly I don't know the answer am I
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going to regret this if I don't have any kids I had to go through the motions um and emotions of my life and I I think
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I had to do my career and do the marriage and get to the mental place of
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its time I don't want to be that Mom that misses my child's first steps because I'm away I want to wait until I
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can say you know I can't afford the time off it's fine so when would that be that's the crazy
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thing I don't know and now birth gaps are coming to America
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by 2020 the exact same trans or 39 states with more 50 year olds than
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newborns with New England Leading The Way with a 29 birth Gap America is
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starting to notice fewer babies born in America last year than at any time since
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Ronald Reagan that is what's not the birth rate is way way down it is has it been a surprise to you that low
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fertility is becoming an issue in the U.S it took a while for us to notice it took us a little while to catch on but
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now that we have I think people do find it worrying and justifiably so there's a lot of economic and public policy reasons that
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that's going to be a big problem for the US going forward you've got more and more older people retiring being
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supported by fewer and fewer and fewer actual people working who are in turn having ever fewer babies right it's an
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impossible situation right the good news for America is that because of immigration our birth rates stayed High
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long after everyone else has had fallen which means that we get a preview in a way that almost no other
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industrialized country does which means we can look at those other countries and say I don't want that
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what do we do the disturbing trend is that the fertility rate falling below the replacement level in other words the
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workforce becomes too small to support the growing retirees segment it's a very troubling Trend as you've said before
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we've seen it in Japan it's lean elsewhere who would have thought would open the show with the birth rate falling to the 32-year-old
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having started in Europe and Japan at the exact same time this trend has
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spread relentlessly across the entire industrialized world and Beyond yet the
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only connection I could find was a common anomaly foreign
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placement rate is when the average woman is having two children of course not all
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women are having two children some will be having one some having three and four and some for differing
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reasons having none in very simple terms if we exclude those having more than
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four children to get an average of two children per woman those having three and four should be in balance with those
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having either one child or none to get an overall birth rate of less than two
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it's a mathematical necessity that those having more than two are outnumbered by
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those having none or one the lower birth rates go the proportion
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of people having no children or one child must get greater and greater the
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conundrum was that one child families were proving hard to find across all of
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these countries I have a younger brother I have an older brother an older sister and a younger
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sister I have Brothers foreign
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I have a sister brother I have a four siblings two sister and two brothers and
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when I met those a little older I got the same response your two daughters is that correct yes certain one and
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satisfree well I have three kids myself for myself I have two children okay they
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don't understand my assumption had been that countries with low fertility rates would have many
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families with only one child and that assumption was held by other people too
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the reason Japan's population is declining of course is people are choosing to have smaller families but
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why could I not find these smaller families with only one child something wasn't right
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one of the golden rules of theater science is to use the most granular data
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possible to understand trends what I needed was an annual measure of
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childlessness but it simply didn't exist the aha moment came when I saw the UN
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collects data on the number of first-time mothers and the children they then go on to have for many countries
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matching this data with total fertility rate data allowed me to calculate the
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missing piece in our giant population puzzle the results connected everything
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in Japan in 1974 around half of women were having two children just over one
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in five was having three a similar number was having one and six percent were having four or more
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overall the average Japanese mother was having 2.2 children and with only one
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person and 20 remaining childless the overall fertility rate for Japan was 2.1
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children per woman but somehow over the next three short years chalices exploded to reach one
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person and four yet the percentage of mothers having one two three two three or four more
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children hadn't changed at all this wasn't a shift to smaller families this
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was simply an explosion in childlessness wind the cloak forward to 1990 and
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childlesses in Japan had reached one in three women and yet the average children per mother had increased slightly to 2.3
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since 1990 this pattern has been locked in in Japan with almost no change to
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family structure or the one in three remaining childless even the proportion of mothers having
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four or more children has remained at six percent exactly the same as 1974.
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[Music] changes in demographics tend to happen slowly but in Japan in the summer of
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1974 something startling happened until 1973 the country was booming and
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the number of babies was booming there was a New Concept around the concept of
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the modern apartment with kitchens flushing toilets and entertainment space
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apartment complexes were springing up all across Japan and with no end in
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sight to the country's economic renewal this Young Generation had little to
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worry about but the mood was about to change in October 1973 the global oil
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shock sent the country into a frenzy and the Young Generation that was just settling into their new modern lifestyle
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suddenly had to confront sharp price Rises and food and commodities and shortages of the basics and the data
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shows precisely nine months later across every prefecture in Japan the number of
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first-time mothers plummeted and would never recover childlessness for 1 3
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heard of Japanese woman became the societal Norm [Music]
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Japan was hit hard by the oil shock it was the world's largest importer of oil
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at the time and across the entire country many young people decided it
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wasn't the time to become parents and we can see from the data this
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delaying of Parenthood meant that many never would [Music]
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across in Europe Italy is described by academics as having been the worst hit
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by the oil shock family structure in Italy in 1974 was remarkably similar to
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Japan on average mothers were having 2.3 children childlessness was even less in Japan
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with only one in 30 people having no children meaning that the overall fertility rate was 2.3 children per
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woman wind the clock forward only three years and we find just like Japan
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childlessness exploded from one in 30 people to one in five by 1990 one in
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three people in Italy were destined to be childless and by 2018 childlessness had reached two and every
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five Italians yet throughout this time just like Japan family structure hadn't
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changed at all but this story isn't about Japan and Italy across the entire industrialized
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world where we have data in recent decades there's been no change in family
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structure across these countries in the late 1980s the average mother was having
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2.4 children 30 years later that number is exactly the same and all of these
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nations just like Japan and Italy in the 1970s have transitioned to become
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childless Nations nations were one-third or more of people will be childless for
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life foreign is how these rapid Transformations align
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with major turmoil for South Korea it was the currency crisis of the 1990s that saw Charles's
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rocket to 45 percent for Germany the Fallen birth rates
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coincided with the 1968 student protests and while Germany is one of the
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countries that doesn't provide the data needed to calculate childlessness we can
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see they followed the same Trend as Italy and Japan but it's not just these countries the
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exact same Trend can be seen across Spain Portugal Austria Switzerland and
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Beyond for America and many countries around the world it was a 2007 financial crisis
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before the crisis the average mother in the U.S was having 2.5 children and only
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one in seven people were chalice yet just like other Financial crises around the world within a few short years
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chalices would rock it to reach one in three people
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and yet during the same time the average number of children per mother in the U.S
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increased from 2.5 to 2.6 the 2007 Financial meltdown was a global
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crisis and just like the US the transition to childlessness happened in Canada Malaysia Netherlands Costa Rica
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Ireland and Beyond [Music] with so many examples of crises around
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the world triggering high levels of childlessness and with no example of any
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society ever recovering this feels like a trap a birth Gap trap where it becomes a
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societal Norm to start families in their 30s when for many it simply won't happen
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I've been searching for the answer to the wrong question instead of asking why
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people are having so few children today I should have been asking why so few
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people become parents today it turns out there is no Trend towards
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smaller families people who do become parents are just as likely to go on to
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have two three four or more children as decades ago it's all about having the
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first child with childlessness having exploded so fast during times of uncertainty in so
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many countries this doesn't feel like childlessness by choice this feels like
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unplanned childlessness hello my name is Jody day and I'm a
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childless woman and I'd like to introduce you to my tribe
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this tribe has always been amongst us but what's different about it now are the numbers
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one in five women like me born in the 1960s turned 45 without having had
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children that's double what it was for our mother's generation it's up to one
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in four as what we consider the more family-oriented cultures like Ireland and Italy and even Macho Australia up
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one in three in Germany and Japan now whilst these numbers don't give us any
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qualitative information about why a woman might not have children a 2010 meta-analysis by Dutch academic
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Professor renska Kaiser would suggest that 10 of women who are childless are
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child free having chosen not to become mothers and 10 are childless for medical reasons including infertility
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so that leaves a whopping 80 percent of women without children childless by circumstance with those circumstances
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varying widely but often featuring the absence of a willing or suitable partner
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during our fertile years or even an unsuitable partner
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if you'd heard the heartbreaking stories I'd heard
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so a big reason why we're seeing more and more infertility these days is because of delayed childbearing as
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women's eggs get older it just gets harder to get pregnant imagine that these are eggs okay
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and this is a 20 year old so when a 20 year old comes in and we do an ultrasound we're able to see these 20
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follicles I tell them this is great news you're 20. you have all these 20 eggs and this is for this month and next
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month you're going to get another 20 eggs except that when a woman is 20 not all her eggs are good for every five
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eggs that she has as young as she is for every five eggs that she has maybe three of them are good those are the orange
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ones and even a 20 year old as healthy and as young as a 20 year old hat is two
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of those eggs out of five might not be good this is a 20 year old this is a 45 year old
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you see how things have changed between 20 and 45. now 45 year olds still have good eggs but these are hard to find
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it's how nature does its job even though there are some amazing Technologies today like egg freezing or embryo
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freezing to help women delay this child bearing time in their life I don't think
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that either the media or what you hear from other people always really explains
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the depths of how much struggle there really could be generally this treatment
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required several Cycles several trials and as a
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as a doctor it's hard to describe how I'm feeling seeing
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those patients who have to give up that treatment after having a hard hard
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time mentally physically actually fertility treatment is very hard so
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giving up must be horrendous for men and women yes
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when a celebrity conceives late in life reproductive life we probably know it's
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an egg donor or it's possible that she froze embryos a long time ago it's definitely a misunderstanding a
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miscommunication a miseducation of the public I literally wake up every single morning I mean again emotional and I
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like bless my children because I just feel very very fortunate that I was able to have them
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I'm someone who married at 37 and had always thought I would have kids and then it turned out I wasn't going to and
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I think it can be a tremendous source of unhappiness for me it it wasn't a
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decision I don't remember a time when I said okay I'm not going to have a family
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it would have helped if I'd known it was grief or if the doctors and therapists I
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consulted about my life wrecking distress at night but they didn't grief is a language that this lost tribe
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speaks fluently is
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[Music]
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[Music]
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[Music] did you want her children
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sing sing because that is
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[Music]
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[Music] I think if you caught me at the right
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day in my 20s when I was very in love or excited about a partner I would say yes
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but if you were to pry into that I might say oh no that seems crazy to have a kid
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in my 20s
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too late foreign
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[Music]
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our saying is still on the same page has he answered you yet
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um he did not actually do you want to ask now yeah yes there we plan to have children for the
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fact [Music]
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foreign [Music]
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foreign
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foreign
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[Music]
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foreign
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[Music]
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foreign [Music]
The impact is enormous, its going to be catastrophic!
Like was said: "I think maybe the people think they can not give a good future to the children" - I agree, in a good strong economy people will Procreate!
The answers are simple, and one answer is Power, if Electric Power is Free / Very Cheap, then everything is solved! We have solved it already!
Best Wishes,
Chris
